A Look at American Military Guns of WWII

World War II involved 50 nations and was fought at sea, in the air, and on the ground. Many important battles occurred on land, including the Allied invasion of Normandy on D-Day. Soldiers needed reliable weapons to fight the enemy and firearms played a pivotal role in the outcome. The advances made in weapons technology during WWII continue to influence the world today. (These are the 18 newest guns currently in use by the U.S. military.)

To identify American military guns that were used to fight WWII by US forces, 24/7 Wall St. reviewed a catalog of small arms from Military Factory, an online database of military vehicles, arms, and aircraft. We ordered these guns alphabetically and included supplemental information regarding the type of small arm, year introduced, manufacturer, firing action, caliber, and feed.

Our list includes a variety of small arms used for different military strategies by US forces. American soldiers fighting in Europe and Japan were outfitted with machine guns, pistols, rifles, and shotguns.

One iconic small arm used during WWII was the Thompson submachine gun, commonly known as the “Tommy Gun.” The Thompson was a select-fire weapon that could fire in both semi-automatic and fully automatic modes, giving soldiers the ability to lay down a hail of bullets when needed. The submachine gun was chambered for .45 ACP. While it was originally developed during the Prohibition era for law enforcement, it found its place on the battlefield and in the hands of soldiers during WWII.

Another small arm used during this conflict which is still used today is the M1911 pistol. This design had been in service for several decades by the time the war began. Chambered in .45 ACP, it was renowned for its stopping power and reliability. The M1911 served as the sidearm for officers and non-commissioned officers, offering a potent backup in close-quarters combat. (These are the American firearms used to combat the Global War on Terror.)

Why We’re Writing About World War II Weapons

WWII lasted from 1939 to 1945 and was the deadliest human conflict in history. It’s estimated 60 to 80 million people were killed during the war. WWII and the weapons used to fight it changed the world. Technology and advancements from wartime efforts have shaped today’s world, while the US emerged as a superpower, altering the geopolitical landscape.

Here is a look at the American-made military guns used to fight World War II:

Browning Auto-5

• Type: Semi-automatic shotgun
• Year introduced: 1902
• Manufacturer: Browning Arms
• Firing action: Semi-automatic, recoil-operated, self-loading, repeat fire
• Caliber and feed 12-, 16- or 20-gauge; 3- or 5-round tubular magazine

Browning M1917

• Type: Heavy machine gun
• Year introduced: 1917
• Manufacturer: Browning Arms / Remington Arms
• Firing action: recoil-operated, automatic
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield; 250-round fabric belt

Browning M1918 BAR

• Type: Light machine gun
• Year introduced: 1918
• Manufacturer: Colt Firearms / Winchester
• Firing action: Gas operated piston, open bolt, selective fire
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield; 20-round detachable box magazine

Browning M1919

• Type: Medium machine gun
• Year introduced: 1919
• Manufacturer: Rock Island Arsenal / General Motors
• Firing action: Gas operated, belt-fed, air cooled
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield, 7.62x51mm NATO, 7.92x57mm Mauser, .303 British; 250-round fabric belt

Browning M2

• Type: Heavy machine gun
• Year introduced: 1921
• Manufacturer: Saco Defense Industries
• Firing action: automatic short recoil-operated, air-cooled
• Caliber and feed .50 BMG, 12.7x99mm NATO; 110-round metallic link belt

Colt Browning M1895 (Potato Digger)

• Type: Belf-fed machine gun
• Year introduced: 1895
• Manufacturer: Colt Firearms
• Firing action: Gas operated, closed-bolt, lever-actuated
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield, 7x57mm, 6.5x52mm; 240-round fabric belt

Colt M1911

• Type: Semi-automatic pistol
• Year introduced: 1911
• Manufacturer: Colt Firearms
• Firing action: Single-action, short-recoil-operated
• Caliber and feed .45 ACP; 7-round detachable box magazine

Ithaca Model 37

• Type: Combat shotgun
• Year introduced: 1937
• Manufacturer: Ithaca Gun Company
• Firing action: Manually-actuated pump-action slide, repeat fire
• Caliber and feed 12-, 16-, 20- or 28-gauge; 4-, 5- or 8-round tubular magazine

Johnson LMG

• Type: Squad support weapon
• Year introduced: 1941
• Manufacturer: Cranston Arms Company
• Firing action: Short recoil-operated, select fire
• Caliber and feed 30-06; 25-round detachable box magazine

Johnson Model 1941

• Type: Semi-automatic rifle
• Year introduced: 1941
• Manufacturer: Iver Johnson
• Firing action: Semi-automatic, short-recoil, rotating bolt
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield; 10-round cylindrical magazine

Lewis Gun

• Type: Light machine gun
• Year introduced: 1914
• Manufacturer: Birmingham Small Arms Company
• Firing action: Gas-operated
• Caliber and feed .303 British, 30-06 Springfield, 7.92x57mm Mauser; 47- or 97-round detachable pan

M1 Bazooka

• Type: Shoulder-fired anti-tank rocket launcher
• Year introduced: 1942
• Manufacturer: General Electric
• Firing action: Electrically-actuated, single-shot, reusable tube
• Caliber and feed 60mm; Single-shot

M1 Carbine

• Type: Semi-automatic / full-automatic carbine
• Year introduced: 1942
• Manufacturer: State Factories
• Firing action: Gas operated, short-stroke piston, semi-automatic
• Caliber and feed 30 Carbine; 15- or 30-round detachable box magazine

M1 Garand

• Type: Battle rifle
• Year introduced: 1936
• Manufacturer: Springfield Armory
• Firing action: Self-loading, gas-action piston
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield; 8-round internal clip

M1 Thompson

• Type: Submachine gun
• Year introduced: 1938
• Manufacturer: Savage Arms
• Firing action: Blow-back system
• Caliber and feed .45 ACP; 20- or 30-round box, 50-round drum

M18 RR

• Type: Anti-tank / anti-personnel recoilless rifle
• Year introduced: 1945
• Manufacturer: State Factories
• Firing action: Recoilless
• Caliber and feed 57x303mmR; Single-shot

M1917 Enfield

• Type: Bolt-action service rifle
• Year introduced: 1917
• Manufacturer: Winchester / Remington
• Firing action: Manually-actuated bolt-action system
• Caliber and feed 7.62x63mm, 30-06 Springfield; 6-round magazine

M1A1 Flamethrower

• Type: Portable infantry flamethrower
• Year introduced: 1941
• Manufacturer: State Factories
• Firing action: Electrical ignition flame jet
• Caliber and feed 4.7-gallon Nitrogen fuel canister; 5-flamethrows possible

M2 Carbine

• Type: Select-fire automatic carbine
• Year introduced: 1944
• Manufacturer: General Motors
• Firing action: Selective-fire, gas-operated, short-stroke piston
• Caliber and feed 30 Carbine; 15- or 30-round detachable box magazine

M2-2 / M9A1-7

• Type: Portable infantry flamethrower
• Year introduced: 1943
• Manufacturer: State Factories
• Firing action: Rotary cartridge ignition flame jet
• Caliber and feed 4.7-gallon Nitrogen fuel container; 7-flamethrows possible

M20 RR

• Type: Anti-tank / anti-personnel recoilless rifle
• Year introduced: 1945
• Manufacturer: State Factories
• Firing action: Recoilless
• Caliber and feed 75mm; Single-shot

M3 (Grease Gun)

• Type: Submachine gun
• Year introduced: 1943
• Manufacturer: Ithaca Gun Company
• Firing action: Open bolt, blowback
• Caliber and feed .45 ACP, 9x19mm Parabellum; 30-round detachable box magazine

M3 Carbine

• Type: Sniper carbine rifle
• Year introduced: 1944
• Manufacturer: General Motors
• Firing action: Selective-fire, gas-operated, short-stroke piston
• Caliber and feed 30 Carbine; 15- or 30-round detachable box magazine

M720

• Type: Semi-automatic shotgun
• Year introduced: 1935
• Manufacturer: Savage Arms
• Firing action: Semi-automatic
• Caliber and feed 12-gauge; 5-round tubular magazine

M9 Bazooka

• Type: Shoulder-fired rocket launcher
• Year introduced: 1943
• Manufacturer: Conduction Corporation
• Firing action: Magneto trigger
• Caliber and feed 60mm; Single-shot

Marlin M2 Hyde

• Type: Submachine gun
• Year introduced: 1943
• Manufacturer: Marlin Firearms
• Firing action: Blowback
• Caliber and feed .45 ACP; 20- or 30-round detachable box magazine

Marlin Model 1894

• Type: Carbine rifle
• Year introduced: 1894
• Manufacturer: Marlin Firearms
• Firing action: Manually-actuated lever-action system
• Caliber and feed 32-20 Win, .38 Spc, .357 Mag, .44 Spc, .44 Mag; 6-, 9- or 10-round tubular magazine

Marlin Model 1914

• Type: Belt-fed machine gun
• Year introduced: 1914
• Manufacturer: Marlin Firearms
• Firing action: Gas-operated closed bolt, lever actuated
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield, 7.62x54mm; 240-round fabric belt

Model 10

• Type: Six-shot revolver
• Year introduced: 1899
• Manufacturer: Smith & Wesson
• Firing action: Single-action, double-action, revolving cylinder
• Caliber and feed .38 Long Colt, .38 Special; 6-round cylinder

Model 1898

• Type: Six-shot revolver
• Year introduced: 1989
• Manufacturer: Colt Firearms
• Firing action: Rotating cylinder, double-action
• Caliber and feed .45 Colt, .45 ACP, .44 Special, .38 Special; Six-shot rotating cylinder

Model 1903

• Type: Semi-automatic pistol
• Year introduced: 1903
• Manufacturer: Colt Firearms
• Firing action: Single-action, blowback
• Caliber and feed .32 ACP; 8-round detachable box magazine

Model 1917

• Type: Service revolver
• Year introduced: 1917
• Manufacturer: Colt Firearms / Smith & Wesson
• Firing action: Double-action, rotating cylinder
• Caliber and feed .45 ACP; Six-shot rotating cylinder

Reising Model 50

• Type: Submachine gun
• Year introduced: 1941
• Manufacturer: Harrington and Richardson
• Firing action: Delayed blowback, closed-bolt
• Caliber and feed .45 ACP, .30 Carbine; 12- or 20-round detachable box magazine

Remington Model 10

• Type: Pump-action slide shotgun
• Year introduced: 1908
• Manufacturer: Remington Arms
• Firing action: Manually-actuated pump-action slide
• Caliber and feed 12-gauge; 5-round tubular magazine

Remington Model 11

• Type: Self-loading shotgun
• Year introduced: 1905
• Manufacturer: Remington Arms
• Firing action: Recoil-operated, auto-loading, semi-automatic
• Caliber and feed 12-, 16- or 20-gauge; 5-round tubular magazine

Remington Model 1903

• Type: Sniper rifle
• Year introduced: 1941
• Manufacturer: Remington Arms
• Firing action: Manually-actuated bolt-action system
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield; 5-round stripper clip

Winchester Model 70

• Type: Bolt-action sniper rifle
• Year introduced: 1936
• Manufacturer: Winchester
• Firing action: Manually actuated bolt-action system
• Caliber and feed 30-06 Springfield; 3-, 4- or 5-round capacity

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